In Latin it is known as Mogontiacum ( pronounced ) or Moguntiacum and, in the local Hessian dialect, it is Määnz or Meenz. Mainz has a number of different names in other languages and dialects. One of the ShUM-cities, Mainz and its Jewish cemetery is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mainz is notable as a transport hub, for wine production, and for its many rebuilt historic buildings. Mainz was heavily damaged in World War II more than 30 air raids destroyed most of the historic buildings in the city centre, but many were rebuilt post-war. Mainz is famous as the birthplace of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of a movable-type printing press, who in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bible. Mainz became an important city in the 8th century AD as part of the Holy Roman Empire, capital of the Electorate of Mainz and seat of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, the Primate of Germany. Mainz was founded by the Romans in the 1st century BC as a military fortress on the northernmost frontier of the empire and provincial capital of Germania Superior. Mainz is an independent city with a population of 219,501 and forms part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-west, with Mainz on the left bank, and Wiesbaden, the capital of the neighbouring state Hesse, on the right bank. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite the place where the Main joins the Rhine. Mainz, previously known in English as Mentz or Mayence, is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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